Yes, wireless electricity transmission is possible, and it is already used in small-scale applications. However, for large-scale, long-distance power delivery like a power grid, it is not currently a viable or efficient solution. The technology works on principles such as inductive coupling and magnetic resonance for short distances, and microwave or laser beaming for longer distances.

• Short-Distance Wireless Power: This is what we see in everyday life. A wireless phone charger uses inductive coupling, where a coil in the charger creates an electromagnetic field that a nearby coil in the phone captures and converts into power. This method is highly efficient but only works over a few centimeters.

• Long-Distance Wireless Power: For transmitting power over meters or kilometers, technologies like microwave beaming have been tested. However, they suffer from significant power loss and safety concerns. The energy dissipates rapidly as distance increases, and the beams would have to be very powerful to deliver a meaningful amount of energy, posing a potential health risk to people or animals in their path.

For the bulk power transmission that our company supports, wired infrastructure is the only practical solution due to its overwhelming advantages in three key areas:

• Efficiency: Wired transmission is exceptionally efficient, with modern UHV (Ultra-High Voltage) lines losing as little as 2-3% of the power over thousands of kilometers. In contrast, even the most advanced long-distance wireless transmission methods currently lose more than 50% of the energy, making them economically unfeasible for powering cities and industries.

• Safety and Control: A wired network provides a contained and controllable path for electricity, ensuring it is delivered to specific, intended locations. Wireless transmission, especially over long distances, would broadcast energy into the environment, raising significant safety concerns for both humans and wildlife.

• Reliability: The stability and reliability of a wired grid are well-established. It is a robust system that can be precisely managed and maintained. The entire process, from production to delivery, is measured and controlled, which is crucial for the stable operation of a nation's power supply.

Ultimately, while wireless electricity has a future for small-scale applications, the physics and economics of large-scale power delivery make overhead and underground wired systems the only reliable solution for the foreseeable future. This is why our products—like hydraulic pullers, tensioners, and stringing blocks—remain essential for building and maintaining the grid.

While the concept of a "Global Super Grid" is a subject of extensive research and a long-term goal for the power industry, it is not yet a widespread reality. Intercontinental transmission today exists only in a few specific cases, primarily via HVDC (High-Voltage Direct Current) subsea cables that connect adjacent landmasses or islands.

Notable projects that link continents or major power markets include:

• The EuroAsia Interconnector: A planned project to connect the grids of Greece, Cyprus, and Israel.

• The Viking Link: A recently completed subsea cable linking the grids of the UK and Denmark.

• The Morocco-UK Power Link: A proposed 4,000 km subsea cable project to transmit solar and wind power from Morocco to the UK.

While these projects are significant engineering feats, they are not yet part of a global, interconnected grid.

Transmitting electricity across continents, especially under the ocean, presents immense challenges that make it a project for the future, not the present.

• Extreme Distances: The vast distances across oceans (e.g., the Atlantic is over 3,000 km wide) are a major hurdle. Power cables lose energy over distance, and manufacturing a single, continuous cable of that length is a monumental task.

• HVDC Technology: HVAC (Alternating Current) is not suitable for long subsea cables due to high capacitance losses. HVDC is the only viable solution, but it requires expensive and complex converter stations at both ends to transition to and from the local AC grids.

• Environmental and Political Hurdles: Laying cables on the seabed is a complex operation with environmental impacts. Furthermore, such projects require unprecedented levels of international political cooperation, agreements on power trading, and a framework for financial responsibilities.

Our Role in Intercontinental Projects

Electricity transmission losses refer to the amount of electrical energy that is dissipated or "lost" as it travels through transmission lines from the power source to the end-user. These losses primarily occur as heat and are an unavoidable consequence of the physical properties of conductors. The goal of all power grid operators is to minimize these losses to ensure the highest possible efficiency.

A key indicator of power grid efficiency, transmission and distribution losses typically range from 2% to 8% of the total electricity generated, depending on the network's design, length, and technology.

The primary causes of energy loss in transmission lines are:

• Joule Heating (I2R Loss): This is the most significant source of loss. As current (I) flows through a conductor, the conductor's inherent electrical resistance (R) causes some of the electrical energy to be converted into heat. This loss is proportional to the square of the current, making it the most important factor to manage. This is why electricity is transmitted at very high voltages to reduce the current and, thus, minimize this heat loss.

• Corona Effect: In high-voltage transmission lines (typically above 230 kV), the strong electric field around the conductors can ionize the surrounding air. This causes a partial discharge of electrical energy, creating a visible glow, a hissing noise, and power loss. This effect is mitigated by using bundled conductors and designing lines with smooth surfaces to reduce the electric field gradient.

• Skin Effect: In AC systems, the current tends to flow more on the outer surface of the conductor rather than being distributed evenly throughout its cross-section. This reduces the effective conductive area and increases the resistance, leading to higher losses.

Minimizing losses is a key objective for all power line projects. The most effective strategies include:

• High-Voltage Transmission: This is the most critical method. By stepping up the voltage, the current can be dramatically reduced for the same amount of power. For example, doubling the voltage cuts the current in half, which reduces the I2R loss by a factor of four.

• Proper Conductor Selection: Using high-conductivity materials like aluminum and employing composite conductors like ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) and HTLS (High-Temperature Low-Sag) helps reduce resistance and thermal losses.

• High-Quality Installation: The mechanical quality of the installation is crucial. A smooth, professional installation using proper tension stringing equipment prevents conductor damage, kinks, or abrasions that can increase resistance and lead to localized hot spots and premature failure.

Our Role in Minimizing Losses

High-Temperature Low-Sag (HTLS) conductors are advanced overhead power line conductors engineered to operate at higher temperatures without excessive sagging, which allows them to carry more current and increase transmission capacity. This is crucial for reducing transmission line losses. While traditional conductors like ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) lose efficiency and sag significantly at high temperatures, HTLS conductors maintain their performance.

Our company, Ningbo Changshi Electric Power Machinery Manufacturing Limited, manufactures a full suite of tensioners, pullers, and stringing blocks specifically designed for the precise installation of HTLS conductors. This specialized equipment is essential to ensure these advanced conductors are strung correctly, maximizing their efficiency and lifespan, which directly translates to lower energy losses over the long term.

High-Temperature Low-Sag (HTLS) conductors are advanced overhead power line conductors engineered to operate at higher temperatures without excessive sagging, which allows them to carry more current and increase transmission capacity. This is crucial for reducing transmission line losses. While traditional conductors like ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) lose efficiency and sag significantly at high temperatures, HTLS conductors maintain their performance.

Our company, Ningbo Changshi Electric Power Machinery Manufacturing Limited, manufactures a full suite of tensioners, pullers, and stringing blocks specifically designed for the precise installation of HTLS conductors. This specialized equipment is essential to ensure these advanced conductors are strung correctly, maximizing their efficiency and lifespan, which directly translates to lower energy losses over the long term.

The material and size of a transmission line conductor are among the most critical factors influencing electrical resistance, and therefore, energy loss. According to Joule's Law (Ploss=I2⋅R), power loss is directly proportional to the resistance (R) of the conductor. Using a material with higher electrical conductivity, such as aluminum, and increasing the conductor's cross-sectional area (making the wire thicker) directly lowers its resistance.

Our conductor stringing equipment, including our hydraulic pullers and tensioners, is engineered to handle a wide range of conductor types and sizes. By using the right tools to install optimal conductor materials like ACCC conductors, you can significantly minimize power loss on your transmission grid. This is a fundamental step in designing and building efficient power infrastructure.

High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) and High-Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) are the two primary methods for transmitting electricity. The key difference in terms of efficiency and loss is that HVDC transmission is significantly more efficient for long-distance power transfer.

HVAC systems experience three types of losses:

1. Joule losses (heat from resistance).

2. Corona losses (dissipation of energy into the air).

3. Reactive power losses (energy that oscillates back and forth, not performing useful work).

HVDC transmission, by contrast, eliminates corona and reactive power losses, and its Joule losses are much lower due to the absence of the "skin effect," which forces AC current to flow near the conductor's surface. While HVDC requires expensive conversion stations at both ends, the savings from reduced energy loss on long-distance projects often make it the more cost-effective and efficient solution. Our company provides both overhead and underground equipment to support the installation of long-distance HVDC and HVAC projects.

Our hydraulic tensioners are essential tools for a fundamental reason: they ensure the correct tension and sag are maintained during the conductor stringing process. Proper tensioning is crucial for several reasons that directly impact efficiency:

• Minimizing Sag: Excessive sag in a transmission line increases its length and resistance, leading to greater energy loss. Our tensioners ensure the conductor is strung to the precise tension specified by the project engineer, minimizing sag and maximizing efficiency.

• Preventing Damage: Improper tensioning can damage the conductor, creating micro-fractures or stress points that increase electrical resistance and create hot spots, leading to higher localized losses. The precision and smooth control of our hydraulic tensioners prevent this damage.

• Maintaining Spacing: For multi-bundle conductors, our equipment ensures the correct spacing between the individual wires, preventing them from touching and causing short circuits or increasing losses through induced currents.

By using our high-quality, precision-engineered pullers and tensioners, power companies can guarantee their new transmission lines are installed to the highest standards, ensuring optimal performance and minimal long-term energy loss.

High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology is now the preferred choice for modern long-distance power transmission, especially for connecting remote renewable energy sources—such as large-scale wind or solar farms—to urban load centers. Unlike traditional High-Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) systems, HVDC experiences significantly lower energy losses over long distances (typically 3% vs. 7% per 1,000 km), making it more efficient and economical for cross-country, underwater, and intercontinental power links.

Our company, Ningbo Changshi Electric Power Machinery Manufacturing Limited, provides essential conductor stringing equipment and underground cable laying equipment that is critical for the installation of both HVDC overhead lines and underground cables. This includes specialized pullers, tensioners, and rollers designed to handle the unique requirements of HVDC projects, ensuring a smooth and efficient installation.

The construction of new long-distance transmission lines involves significant challenges, including securing rights-of-way, navigating difficult terrains (mountains, rivers, dense forests), and ensuring the precise installation of conductors and cables over vast distances. These logistical and technical hurdles can cause project delays and cost overruns.

Our equipment is specifically engineered to address these challenges:

• All-Terrain Equipment: Our cable laying equipment and overhead tension stringing equipment are built for robust performance on diverse terrains, allowing for construction in remote, hard-to-reach areas.

• Precision Control: Our hydraulic pullers and tensioners provide the precision and force control required for long-distance stringing, ensuring the conductor's integrity and a perfect sag profile. This is vital for maintaining line efficiency and reliability over many kilometers.

• Safety and Efficiency: By using our high-quality overhead tools and accessories like pulleys, hoists, and clamps, workers can perform tasks safely and more efficiently, reducing construction time and labor costs.

Upgrading existing infrastructure is a cost-effective way to enhance long-distance transmission capacity without building entirely new lines. Two key technologies enable this:

• Advanced Conductors: Conductors like High-Temperature Low-Sag (HTLS) and Aluminum Conductor Composite Core (ACCC) have superior strength-to-weight ratios and can carry more current at higher temperatures. This means they can be installed on existing towers to significantly boost power transmission capacity.

• Dynamic Line Rating (DLR): DLR uses real-time weather data (temperature, wind speed) to calculate the actual, safe capacity of a line at any given moment. This often reveals that lines can carry more power than their static, conservative rating, especially on windy or cool days.

At Ningbo Changshi, we provide the specialized stringing equipment and reconductoring tools needed for these upgrades. Our hydraulic equipment is perfectly suited for tension stringing new, high-performance conductors onto existing towers, allowing for a seamless transition to more efficient, higher-capacity lines.

The sheer length and remoteness of many long-distance transmission lines make maintenance and repair a major logistical challenge. A single fault or failure can disrupt power supply to a large region. The reliability of the tools used for maintenance is paramount to ensure swift and safe repairs.

We, Ningbo Changshi, are committed to providing top-of-the-line maintenance and repair tools that are robust, durable, and reliable. Our equipment, including gin poles, hoists, and grounding devices, is designed for use in the most demanding field conditions. Investing in high-quality tools minimizes equipment failure on-site, reduces repair time, and ensures the continuous, stable operation of the power grid, which is fundamental for national and regional energy security.

Laser electricity transmission, also known as laser power beaming, is the wireless transfer of energy using a focused laser beam. A laser transmitter converts electricity into a beam of light, which is then directed at a photovoltaic receiver that converts the light back into usable electricity. While this technology has made significant breakthroughs in recent years, it's currently not used for the main power grid because of three major challenges:

1. Efficiency: The end-to-end efficiency of laser power beaming is still relatively low compared to traditional wired systems. Significant energy is lost during the conversion process from electricity to light, during transmission, and then back to electricity.

2. Safety: High-power lasers pose a serious safety risk to people, animals, and aircraft. While safety systems are in development to mitigate these risks, they are a major regulatory and public concern for large-scale outdoor deployment.

3. Scalability: Current laser beaming technology is only capable of transmitting a limited amount of power, typically for niche applications like powering drones or small remote sensors. It is not yet capable of the large-scale, high-power transmission required for a city's or a country's power grid.

For the reliable, large-scale transmission of electricity over long distances, traditional overhead and underground lines remain the proven, efficient, and cost-effective solution. Our company, Ningbo Changshi, specializes in the equipment and tools that are essential for building and maintaining this critical wired infrastructure.

While laser electricity transmission is not a solution for the national power grid, its unique wireless capability makes it ideal for a growing number of niche applications where traditional cables are impractical or impossible. The most prominent current and developing applications include:

• Powering Drones and UAVs: Laser power beaming allows unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to remain airborne for extended periods without needing to land for recharging. A ground-based laser can continuously beam power to a receiver on the drone.

• Space-Based Power: It is being researched for transmitting power to satellites, spacecraft, and future lunar bases, as well as for the concept of collecting solar energy in space and beaming it down to Earth.

• Remote Sensors and Communication Relays: Small-scale systems can provide power to sensors or communication equipment in hard-to-reach locations like mountain peaks or hazardous environments where running a traditional power cable is not feasible.

These applications are still in the early stages of commercial development. While we are excited by these innovations, our focus remains on providing the world with the most reliable and high-performance overhead and underground equipment for building the robust, large-scale power infrastructure that is the backbone of global economic growth.

As a company at the forefront of the power industry, we closely follow emerging technologies like laser power beaming. While these innovations are exciting, they are not a replacement for traditional power lines but rather a complement for specific, limited applications. The vast majority of the world's electricity will continue to be delivered through a grid of overhead transmission lines (OHTL) and underground cables.

The global demand for electricity is growing exponentially, driven by electrification and renewable energy integration. This requires constant investment in upgrading and expanding our existing grids. This is where Ningbo Changshi is indispensable. We provide the essential tension stringing equipment, cable pulling machines, and professional tools that enable the construction, modernization, and maintenance of this fundamental infrastructure. The future of power will be a blend of proven, scalable wired networks supported by a few wireless applications for specialized tasks. Our products will remain at the very core of this industry for generations to come.