A 220 kV overhead line is a high-voltage transmission system designed for long-distance power transfer. Unlike lower-voltage distribution lines, its components are engineered to handle immense mechanical stress and electrical load. The main components are:

• Towers (Structures): Typically made of steel lattice, these towers are significantly larger and stronger than those used for 11 kV or 33 kV lines. They are designed to withstand high winds, ice loads, and the heavy weight of the conductors.

• Conductors: These lines often use bundled conductors (multiple wires per phase) to reduce electrical losses, prevent corona discharge, and increase current capacity. A common material is ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced), which provides a high strength-to-weight ratio.

• Insulators: Insulators are essential for isolating the energized conductors from the tower structure. For 220 kV lines, a series of suspension disc insulators or a single long rod insulator are used. The number of discs in the string is carefully calculated to handle the high voltage and prevent flashovers.

• Ground Wires/Shield Wires: Positioned at the very top of the towers, these wires protect the phase conductors from lightning strikes. They are often a type of Optical Ground Wire (OPGW), which also carries fiber optic communication signals for grid monitoring.