Working in and around trenches presents a unique set of risks that require specialized precautions. These risks and their mitigation measures are:

• Trench Collapse: This is a major hazard. To prevent it, trenches over a certain depth must be supported by shoring, sloping, or trench boxes.

• Falling into the Trench: The risk of falls is managed by installing barriers, fences, and providing safe access and egress points, such as ladders or ramps.

• Hazardous Atmosphere: Trenches can accumulate hazardous gases or have oxygen-deficient air. A risk assessment should include provisions for atmospheric testing before entry.

• Vehicle and Plant Movement: The area around the trench must be clearly marked and cordoned off to prevent vehicles or machinery from getting too close and causing a collapse.