How does the laying depth affect the current-carrying capacity (ampacity) of the cable?

2025-08-14

The laying depth is a significant factor in determining a cable's current-carrying capacity, also known as ampacity. The cable generates heat, and the surrounding soil acts as a heat-dissipation medium.

  • Deeper Burial: When a cable is buried deeper, the heat has to travel a longer path through the soil to dissipate to the surface. This increases the thermal resistance and can lead to a higher operating temperature for the cable.

  • Reduced Ampacity: A higher operating temperature can exceed the cable's maximum temperature limit, which can degrade the insulation and shorten its lifespan. Therefore, a deeper burial depth typically requires a derating of the cable, meaning its maximum allowable current must be reduced to keep the temperature within safe limits.

  • Mitigation: To counteract this, it's essential to use backfill materials with low thermal resistivity or to increase the separation between cables to improve heat dissipation.

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