Answer: Beyond the foundational components of conductors and support structures, the design of an overhead transmission line system requires several other critical elements. These include:

• Insulators: These devices are essential for providing electrical isolation between the high-voltage conductors and the grounded support structures, preventing current from leaking to the ground. Common types include suspension and pin insulators, and they are made from materials such as porcelain, glass, or polymers.

• Hardware and Fittings: A variety of specialized hardware is used to connect the conductors to the insulators and the insulators to the towers. This includes clamps, bolts, compression fittings, and other accessories that ensure a secure mechanical and electrical connection.

• Ground Wires/Shield Wires: These are installed at the top of the tower and are designed to protect the transmission line from lightning strikes by providing a low-resistance path to the ground.

• Dampers: These are installed on the conductors to mitigate vibration caused by wind, which can lead to fatigue and damage over time.