An OPGW cable is a complex, meticulously engineered structure. At its core, it contains one or more tubular units, typically made of stainless steel or aluminum, that house the delicate optical fibers. These tubes are filled with a water-blocking gel to protect the fibers from moisture. This central unit is then surrounded by layers of metallic wires, such as aluminum-clad steel or aluminum alloy. These outer layers provide the necessary mechanical strength, electrical conductivity for grounding, and protection from lightning strikes and other environmental factors, while safeguarding the internal fibers from mechanical and thermal stress. The design ensures the integrity of the optical signals even under high-voltage conditions.