The total pulling tension is a cumulative force affected by numerous factors throughout the entire cable run. For better Google SEO, a comprehensive answer should mention the following search keywords:

• Coefficient of Friction: This is the most significant factor. Using a proper lubricant can dramatically reduce friction, decreasing the required pulling force by up to 67%.

• Route Design and Bends: Each bend in the cable path acts as a tension multiplier. The number, angle, and radius of bends have a profound impact on the total force required. A complex route with many bends will require more tension.

• Length and Weight: The longer and heavier the cable run, the greater the force needed to overcome friction and the cable's own weight.

• Sidewall Pressure: As cables go around a bend, they are pushed against the conduit wall. This is known as sidewall pressure, and it must also remain below the manufacturer's specified limits to avoid damage.

• Jamming Ratio: When pulling multiple cables in a conduit, a jam can occur if the cables wedge against each other. Calculating the jam ratio (the ratio of conduit inner diameter to cable outer diameter) is crucial to avoid this.