Substation technologies are moving toward digital and green solutions. GIS (Gas-Insulated Switchgear) at 380 kV with SF₆-free designs (cutting emissions ~50%) is rising. Real-time automation via IEC 61850 networks and digital relays enable immediate fault detection. We’re also seeing hybrid transmission towers carrying OPGW for 5G integration, and even high-capacity “super cables” linking countries (e.g. UK–Denmark). For example, our recent 420 kV project in Kuwait demonstrates 80 kA short-circuit resilience for these new grid standards.