The primary challenges include dealing with complex geographical terrains (e.g., rocky or mountainous areas), navigating existing infrastructure in urban environments, and ensuring the delicate cable is not damaged by excessive pulling force or tight bends. Using specialized equipment such as hydraulic pulling machines with precision tension monitoring and control systems helps overcome these challenges. Additionally, employing advanced methods like horizontal directional drilling (HDD) allows for trenchless installation under obstacles, and using robust cable plows is effective for direct burial in less congested areas.