The most common materials used for electrical transmission conductors are aluminum and, in some cases, copper. However, for overhead transmission lines, a hybrid conductor called ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced) is the overwhelming industry standard.

• Aluminum: Aluminum is the most widely used material due to its low cost, light weight, and good electrical conductivity. Its light weight is a significant advantage, as it reduces the mechanical load on support structures, allowing for longer spans between towers and lower overall construction costs.

• Copper: Copper has superior electrical conductivity and higher tensile strength compared to aluminum. However, its higher cost and significantly greater weight make it less economical for the long spans of modern high-voltage transmission lines. Copper is still frequently used for underground cables and certain specialized applications.

• Steel: While steel has poor electrical conductivity, it has excellent tensile strength. It is often used as a reinforcing core in conductors to provide the necessary mechanical strength to support the aluminum conductors over long distances.