Transmission infrastructure is made up of a few key components that work together to form the grid.

• Transmission Towers & Poles: These large steel structures support the conductors high above the ground. Their design varies based on the voltage and terrain, from lattice steel towers to tubular steel poles.

• Conductors: The bare wires that carry the electricity. They are typically made of high-strength, aluminum-based alloys (like ACSR) designed for long spans and high tensile strength to withstand wind and ice.

• Substations: Critical nodes in the network that contain transformers, switchgear, and other equipment to "step up" or "step down" voltage. They are vital for interconnecting different parts of the grid and transitioning from transmission to distribution.

• Insulators: Made of porcelain, glass, or polymer, insulators support the conductors on the towers and prevent electrical current from flowing to the support structures.