A single-phase overhead line is the simplest form of electrical distribution, typically consisting of one phase conductor and one neutral conductor. This type of line carries a single alternating current (AC) waveform, providing a voltage that is sufficient for most residential and light commercial loads.

The primary use of single-phase lines is to deliver electricity over short to medium distances to end-users from a local distribution transformer. They are the backbone of power delivery in residential neighborhoods, farms, and small businesses, where the power demands for lighting, heating, and small motors are not high enough to require a more complex three-phase system.