Answer: The most effective avian protection strategies involve a combination of different equipment and construction techniques. Based on global best practices, the main types of equipment include:

• Insulation Enhancement Products: These are covers and blankets made from high-quality, non-tracking materials like silicone rubber or cross-linked polyolefin. They are applied to conductors, bushings, and other energized components to physically shield birds from potential contact.

• overhead line Covers: These are snap-on or wrap-around sleeves that provide a continuous layer of insulation over bare conductors, making the line "avian-safe."

• Flight Diverters: These are visual markers installed on overhead ground wires to increase their visibility and prevent bird collisions, particularly in areas with high bird traffic like wetlands and migratory routes.

• Nesting Platforms: To deter birds from building nests directly on dangerous equipment, artificial platforms can be installed on utility poles, providing a safe and elevated alternative for nesting.

These solutions are often used together as part of a comprehensive Avian Protection Plan to mitigate both electrocution and collision risks.