How do high-voltage transmission lines work?

2025-08-12

The process involves a series of steps:

  • Generation: Electricity is produced at power plants.

  • Step-Up: A transformer at a "step-up" substation raises the voltage to a very high level (e.g., 275 kV, 400 kV) for efficient long-distance transmission.

  • Transmission: High-voltage electricity is transported over long distances via overhead lines, which are supported by large towers and consist of conductors such as ACSR (Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced).

  • Step-Down: The electricity reaches a "step-down" substation near a city, where a transformer lowers the voltage to a medium level for local distribution.

  • Distribution: Local distribution lines carry the power to smaller transformers, which further reduce the voltage for safe use by homes and businesses.

What is the difference between transmission lines and distribution lines?Why are transmission lines often a bundle of conductors instead of a single wire?
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