The main components of overhead lines are essential for safe and efficient electricity transmission and distribution. They work together to support and insulate the conductors from the ground. The key components include:

• Conductors: The wires that carry the electrical current. They are typically made of materials with excellent conductivity and strength, such as aluminum (plain or steel-reinforced), to withstand tension and environmental conditions.

• Line Supports (Poles and Towers): Structures that hold the conductors at a safe height above the ground. Poles (wood, concrete, or steel) are used for lower-voltage distribution lines, while larger steel lattice towers are used for high-voltage transmission lines.

• Insulators: Devices that provide a high-resistance path to prevent the electrical current from leaking from the conductors to the line supports. They are made of non-conductive materials like porcelain, glass, or polymer composites.

• overhead line Hardware and Fittings: A wide array of metal accessories used to connect, secure, and protect the other components. This includes clamps, bolts, braces, cross-arms, and dampers.

• Ground Wires (Earth Wires): Wires placed at the very top of the line supports to protect the conductors from lightning strikes. They provide a safe path for lightning current to be diverted to the ground.

• Cross-Arms: Horizontal beams attached to the poles or towers that provide support for the insulators and conductors, maintaining the necessary spacing between them to prevent arcing.

• Guy Wires and Stay Sets: Reinforcement cables used to provide additional support and stability to poles, especially at corners or ends of a line, to counteract the forces exerted by the conductor tension.

• Protective Devices: Equipment like lightning arresters, switches, and reclosers that protect the line from over-voltage surges and faults, helping to ensure system reliability and safety.