Building an underground substation is far more complex than a conventional one. The unique environment presents significant challenges that require specialized design and equipment.

• Excavation and Structural Integrity: The initial excavation is a massive undertaking, and the entire structure must be built to withstand immense pressure from the surrounding soil and groundwater. Waterproofing is critical to prevent water ingress.

• Thermal Management: The compact, enclosed space makes it difficult to dissipate the large amount of heat generated by transformers and switchgear. This requires sophisticated ventilation, air conditioning, and cooling systems to maintain a safe operating temperature.

• Limited Access and Logistics: Moving massive transformers, switchgear, and cable reels into a confined subterranean space is a major logistical challenge. Specialized lifting and rigging equipment, as well as compact, powerful pulling machinery, is required.

• Safety and Maintenance: The design must incorporate redundant escape routes, fire suppression systems, and gas monitoring to ensure worker safety. Maintenance is also more complex due to the confined space, requiring specialized tools and procedures.