transmission line efficiency (η) is defined as the ratio of the power received at the end of the line (receiving-end power) to the power supplied at the beginning of the line (sending-end power).

The formula is:

Efficiency (η) = (Receiving-end Power / Sending-end Power) x 100%

This can also be expressed as:

Efficiency (η) = (Sending-end Power - Power Losses) / Sending-end Power x 100%

Where power losses are primarily the I2R losses along the conductor.

4. How can we improve transmission line efficiency?

Improving efficiency is a core focus of modern grid technology. Some of the most effective methods include:

• Increasing Voltage: As mentioned, transmitting at higher voltages significantly reduces current and, thus, losses.

• Using Advanced Conductors: Our company, Ningbo Changshi, manufactures high-quality conductors and tools that support the use of low-resistance materials and designs like bundled conductors, which are particularly effective in reducing inductive losses and increasing power transfer capability.

• High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Systems: For very long distances, HVDC transmission is often more efficient than traditional High-Voltage Alternating Current (HVAC) because it eliminates reactive power and has no skin effect, allowing the entire conductor cross-section to be used.

• Smart Grid Technologies: These technologies use sensors and real-time monitoring to optimize power flow, manage reactive power, and quickly identify and resolve faults, all of which contribute to a more efficient and reliable grid. This includes solutions like Dynamic Line Rating (DLR) and Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS).