What are the key factors that influence the efficiency of electricity transmission?

2025-08-09

Several critical factors affect transmission efficiency:

  • Voltage Level: Higher voltage levels significantly reduce current for a given amount of power, which exponentially decreases energy loss (as loss is proportional to the square of the current).

  • Conductor Material and Cross-Sectional Area: Conductors with lower resistance (e.g., specific aluminum alloys or copper) and larger diameters are more efficient.

  • Distance: The longer the transmission distance, the greater the potential for energy loss.

  • Environmental and Weather Conditions: Factors like temperature can increase conductor resistance, and severe weather can cause physical damage, leading to reduced efficiency.

  • Reactive Power: Uncorrected reactive power flow also contributes to energy loss in the grid.

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