Optical Ground Wire (OPGW) is a multi-functional cable used in overhead power transmission lines. It combines the traditional function of a ground wire with the advanced capabilities of a fiber optic cable. The metallic components of the OPGW provide lightning protection and a grounding path, shielding the high-voltage conductors from surges. Simultaneously, the embedded optical fibers enable high-speed data transmission for telecommunications, monitoring, and control of the power grid. Essentially, it serves as the "eyes and ears" of the power line, ensuring both physical protection and a robust communication network.