A typical 33/11 kV substation contains a variety of essential equipment to perform its function. The main component is the power transformer, which steps down the voltage. Other critical equipment includes:

• Switchgear: Such as circuit breakers and isolators to control and protect the power flow.

• Busbars: These are electrical conductors that connect all the incoming and outgoing circuits.

• Protection Devices: Like relays and fuses that detect faults and automatically disconnect the faulty section to prevent damage.

• Current and Potential Transformers (CTs/PTs): These are used to measure the high voltage and current for monitoring and protection purposes.

• Lightning Arrestors: These protect the substation equipment from high voltage surges caused by lightning strikes.