Answer: A flat formation involves laying three single-core cables side-by-side in a trench. It is often used for Low Voltage (LV) and Medium Voltage (MV) applications where balancing electromagnetic fields is less of a concern.

Key reasons to choose a flat formation include:

• Better Heat Dissipation: Because the cables are spaced further apart, the flat formation allows for better heat dissipation from each cable into the surrounding soil. This can increase the current-carrying capacity (ampacity) of the cables.

• Easier Installation: In some cases, a flat formation can be simpler to install without the need for specialized trefoil cleats, especially when the cables are smaller.